Apr 14, 2009 8:16 - By: Barbara Weibel
by Barbara Ann Weibel at Hole In The Donut
Perhaps even more than gorgeous beaches, bronzed surfers, and swaying palm trees, the image most associated with Honolulu is Diamond Head Crater, so it is no surprise that its unmistakable profile is immediately recognizable to most visitors the moment they set foot on Waikiki Beach. What does surprise many, however, is that it is possible to climb to the top of this extinct volcanic cone.

Aerial view of Diamond Head Crater, courtesy of Bill D'Agostino at http://www.flickr.com/photos/williamdag/256593314/
The 0.8 mile switchback trail to the summit climbs the inside slope of Diamond Head, ascending 560 feet from the crater floor. Although the hike is is steep and moderately strenuous, it is well worth the effort as it provides a fascinating glimpse into the geological and military history of Diamond Head. When the United States annexed Hawaii in 1898, harbor defense was one of the first concerns and Diamond Head’s elevation provided the best location for an outlook. In 1908 a trail was carved to the top, and by 1911 Fort Ruger had been built at the summit. Eventually, a 580-foot tunnel was dug through the crater wall to provide easier access to the Fort. Today, visitors drive through this tunnel, park inside the crater, and hike the very same path that was used to gain access to the Fort.

View of Diamond Head from overlook on Round Top Road, courtesy of Chad Podoski at http://www.flickr.com/photos/chadpodoski/217976946/
The trail begins as a relatively level improved concrete walkway but soon changes to a natural tuff surface with many switchbacks. All along the trail, interpretive signs explain that the crater was formed when the now extinct volcano exploded about 300,000 years ago. Ancient Hawaiians called it Laeahi, which translates to “brow of the tuna,” an obvious reference to its resemblance to the fish. It’s current name derives from British sailors who, in the 1800’s, believed calcite crystals found in the lava rock were diamonds.

Sketch of the hiking path courtesy of Dept. of Land & Natural Resources, Hawaii.
After passing a lookout point that doubles as a rest stop, the trail takes a steep upward ascent via two stairways (74 and 99 steps) and two tunnels. Upon emerging from the second tunnel, a shorter spiral staircase and a fourth set of metal stairs provides access to the observation deck at the very top, rewarding those who persevere with spectacular vistas to Waikiki in one direction, and to the leeward side of the island in the opposite direction.

View toward Waikiki from the top of Diamond Head, courtesy of dgrice at http://www.flickr.com/photos/dgrice/390810021/
Climbing to the top takes between 1.5 and two hours and it can be a dusty, hot hike, so be sure to carry sufficient water, wear appropriate shoes, and use sunblock. The last entrance to hike the trail is at 4:30 p.m. and the gates are locked at 6:00 p.m. daily. Diamond Head State Monument opens at 6 am. each day and the entrance fee is $5.00 per car or $1 per person for pedestrians. Visitors to Oahu will discover the island offers a vertiable treasure trove of attractions and outdoor activities, as well as providing accommodations for all budgets.